Geophysics
Geophysics- physics of Earth- is the study of
Earth processes by quantitative integration of its physical properties.
Geophysicists use this geophysical data in academics to observe various
tectonic plate motions and internal structure of the Earth through a
combination of experiments, remote imaging direct observation and computational
and theoretical modeling. The theories and techniques involved in geophysics
are also used extensively in the field of planetary sciences.
History
Geophysics is a relatively young science. The
term geophysics was used for the first time by Frobel as “geophysik” (1834) in Germany
Fields
Geodesy- is the science concerned with the measurement of size, shape and
gravitational field of Earth. This information is used in numerous applications
such as civil engineering and navigation.
Seismology- Geophysics is applied in the study of core of the Earth by
analyzing seismic waves (elastic waves). Irregularities in the Earth’s core can
easily be mapped with the help of supercomputers. Shallow seismology is also
used for environmental characterization of the subsurface.
Geomagnetism- Is the study of the Earth’s magnetic field. It is also
associated with paleomagnetism (measurement of orientation of magnetic field of
the Earth over the geological past).
Mathematical Geophysics- is the use of mathematical methods and techniques
for finding solution to geophysical problems.
Geophysical surveying- includes archeological geophysics, exploration and
engineering geophysics.
Related disciplines
Global Geophysics- Includes the study of earthquakes and volcanoes
(volcanology), Earth’s magnetic field, oceanography, glaciology and hydrology
(study of water on earth) and atmospheric sciences.
Geological and Geophysical engineering- Includes application of geophysics
to engineering designs such as construction of highways, bridges and dams as
well as archeological artifacts and unexplored ordinances.
Exploration Geophysics- Includes the study of rocks, minerals and natural
resources with the help of shallow seismology (petrophysics and mineralogy).
Jobs
Generally,
a geophysicist works in collaboration with geologists or engineers. Their
primary responsibility is to study, explore or construct the environment. For
this, geophysicists use various instruments for qualitative analysis of
physical properties such as density, radioactivity and magnetic and electric
fields. They also find natural resources like oil, natural gas reservoirs and
precious metals (gold and silver). Career avenues in geophysics include
seismology, climatology, mining geophysics, marine geophysics and petroleum
geophysics.
Benefits of Geophysics
The work of a
Geophysicist involves numerous equipments and methods that are non-invasive and
non-damaging to the environment. Their instruments aid them to study past the
surface of the area without destroying or affecting the environment. However,
some drilling is required during the process of sampling and exploration.
Keywords- Geophysics, geophysicist, Earth, science
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